Health Informatics Analysis of Self-Regulation, Sleep, and Perceived Immune Health
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Electronic medical records increasingly support structured clinical data, but psychological and behavioural indicators relevant to student health remain rarely integrated into health-information workflows. Among medical students, self-regulation, sleep, and risk-taking may shape perceived health resilience, yet their relative contributions remain unclear. This study examined associations between self-leadership (as a self-regulation indicator), risk-taking behaviour, and sleep quality and perceived immune health, and identified which indicators retained unique associations in a multivariable model. A cross-sectional study included 92 medical students at a private university in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Data were analysed using Pearson correlations, hierarchical and multiple regression, 95% confidence intervals, collinearity and residual diagnostics, Harman's single-factor test, and covariate sensitivity analysis. Self-leadership (r = .840) and sleep quality (r = .801) correlated positively with perceived immune health, whereas risk-taking behaviour correlated negatively (r = -.701), all p < .001. The final regression model explained 77.6% of outcome variance (R² = .776; adjusted R² = .768). Self-leadership (β = .479, p < .001) and sleep quality (β = .374, p < .001) remained significant, whereas risk-taking behaviour did not (β = -.106, p = .175). Covariate adjustment produced minimal change. These findings identify self-regulatory capacity and restorative sleep as the strongest independent self-report correlates of perceived immune health in this sample. They support prospective evaluation of these indicators as low-burden structured data elements for digital health screening, while longitudinal validation, threshold development, and governance safeguards are required before implementation.
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